Open Babel has uninitialized pointer dereference in GRO residue parser

Summary

A memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's GRO parser caused an
uninitialized pointer dereference when reading a crafted input file.

Details

The flaw was in the residue handling of the GRO reader. A malformed
record caused the parser to use a residue pointer that had never been
initialized.

Impact

Open Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry
file formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in
services that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability
requires the victim to open a malicious GRO file with the obabel
tool, the OBConversion API, or any of the language bindings (Python,
Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).

Affected versions

All releases up to and including 3.1.1.

Patched version

3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).

Patch

Fix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/fa9a2d9a

A minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under
test/files/fuzz_regress/ and is exercised on every CI build under
ASAN+UBSAN by the fuzzregresstest harness.

Credit

Reported by Cisco TALOS.